Python – Bi·lak

Moving Passwords From Firefox (Lockwise) to KeePassXC

Go to about:logins in Firefox.

Click on the three dots in the top right corner, select “Export Logins…” and save your passwords info a CSV file (e.g. exported_firefox_logins.csv).

There’s one complication: Firefox will save dates as Unix timestamps (with millisecond resolution) which KeePassXC doesn’t understand, so we’ll have to help it out.

Save the following script into a file (e.g. firefox_csv_date_fix.py).

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Author: Riyad Preukschas <riyad@informatik.uni-bremen.de>
# License: Mozilla Public License 2.0
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0


import csv
import sys

from datetime import datetime


def main():
    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
        print("Usage: {} <exported_firefox_logins.csv>".format(sys.argv[0]), file=sys.stderr)
        exit(1)

    csv_file_name = sys.argv[1]

    with open(csv_file_name, 'rt') as f:
        # field names will be determined from first row
        csv_reader = csv.DictReader(f)
        # read all rows in one go
        rows = list(csv_reader)

    # add new columns with Iso-formatted dates
    for row in rows:
        row['timeCreatedIso'] = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(row['timeCreated'])/1000).isoformat()
        row['timeLastUsedIso'] = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(row['timeLastUsed'])/1000).isoformat()
        row['timePasswordChangedIso'] = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(row['timePasswordChanged'])/1000).isoformat()

    # write out the updated rows
    csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(sys.stdout, fieldnames=rows[0].keys())
    csv_writer.writeheader()
    csv_writer.writerows(rows)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Call it giving it the path of the exported_firefox_logins.csv file and redirect the output into a new file:

python3 ./firefox_csv_date_fix.py ./exported_firefox_logins.csv > ./fixed_firefox_logins.csv

It will add new columns (named: old column name + “Iso”) with the dates converted to the ISO 8601 format KeePassXC wants.

We can now use the fixed_firefox_logins.csv file to import the logins into KeePassXC.

Select Database -> Import -> CSV File... from the menu.

It will ask you to create a new database. Just do it you can get the data into your default database later (e.g. call it firefox_logins.kdbx for now).

In the import form select “First line has field names” and match up KeePassXC’s fields with the columns from the CSV:

KeePassXC Field	Firefox CSV Column	Notes
Group	Not Present
Title	url	Firefox doesn’t have a title field so we use the URL for it.
Username	username
Password	password
URL	url
Notes	httpRealm	I’m not sure how KeePassXC deals with HTTP authentication. There’s no special field for it, so I decided to keep it in the Notes field.
TOTP	Not Present
Icon	Not Present
Last Modified	timePasswordChangedIso	the “Iso” part is important!
Created	timeCreatedIso	the “Iso” part is important!

Have a look at the preview at the bottom. Does the data look sane? 🤨

Sadly KeePassXC doesn’t let us import Firefox’s timeLastUsedIso field into its Accessed field. 😑

All your imported Logins will be inside the “Root” group. I’d suggest creating a new group (e.g. “Firefox Import”) and moving all imported Logins into it.

You can now open your default database and use the Database -> Merge From Database ... menu item, select the firefox_logins.kdbx file to include it’s contents into the current database. You’ll see a new “Firefox Imports” group show up.

You can now move the single entries into the appropriate groups if you want (e.g. “KeePassXC-Browser Passwords” if you use the browser extension).

Scaffolding for fetching and parsing emails from IMAP with Python

A friend asked me if I could help him write a Python script for fetching and processing data from emails in his mailbox … Well, the thing with emails is that they’re a pain to work with (in any form). So, I tried to help him out with a little scaffolding (also available as a Gist).

Wrestling with the Python

Sometimes Python makes some useful things unnecessarily complex for weird and inconsistent reason … e.g. “code blocks.”

Aktivieren Sie JavaScript um das Video zu sehen.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBavPw0Kc0w

Threads on async

If you were to design a threading library today how would it look like? David Beazley manages to demonstrate a lot of edge cases in tiny examples … while live-coding! ?

Aktivieren Sie JavaScript um das Video zu sehen.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOyJiN3yGfU

Bottle Plugin Lifecycle

If you use Python‘s Bottle micro-framework there’ll be a time where you’ll want to add custom plugins. To get a better feeling on what code gets executed when, I created a minimal Bottle app with a test plugin that logs what code gets executed. I uesed it to test both global and route-specific plugins.

When Python loads the module you’ll see that the plugins’
__init__()
and
setup()
methods will be called immediately when they are installed on the app or applied to the route. This happens in the order they appear in the code. Then the app is started.

The first time a route is called Bottle executes the plugins’
apply()
methods. This happens in “reversed order” of installation (which makes sense for a nested callback chain). This means first the route-specific plugins get applied then the global ones. Their result is cached, i.e. only the inner/wrapped function is executed from here on out.

Then for every request the
apply()
method’s inner function is executed. This happens in the “original” order again.

Below you can see the code and example logs for two requests. You can also clone the Gist and do your own experiments.

Wondering what the lifecycle of a plugin in #Python's #Bottle framework was I wrote a mini app to find out.http://t.co/rrhhYldRG5
— Riyad Preukschas (@riyadpr) July 5, 2015

Poetic APIs

During PyCon 2014 Erik Rose gave a very insightful talk about dos and don’ts of designing APIs. Towards the end he “gets meta” and groups all his points into categories drawing connections how different design goals influence each other. You see two main groups–”lingual” and “mathematical”–and he closes with this gem: 😀

This spotlights something that programming languages have over ordinary human languages. Programs are alive! They not only mean things when people read them, but they actually do things when run. So, very literally a program with carefully chosen symbols is poetry in motion.
— Erik Rose (PyCon 2014)

Aktivieren Sie JavaScript um das Video zu sehen.
https://youtu.be/JQYnFyG7A8c

MagicDict

If you write software in Python you come to a point where you are testing a piece of code that expects a more or less elaborate dictionary as an argument to a function. As a good software developer we want that code properly tested but we want to use minimal fixtures to accomplish that.

So, I was looking for something that behaves like a dictionary, that you can give explicit return values for specific keys and that will give you some sort of a “default” return value when you try to access an “unknown” item (I don’t care what as long as there is no Exception raised (e.g. KeyError )).

My first thought was “why not use MagicMock?” … it’s a useful tool in so many situations.

from mock import MagicMock
m = MagicMock(foo="bar")

1 2	from mock import MagicMock m = MagicMock(foo="bar")

But using MagicMock where dict is expected yields unexpected results.

>>> # this works as expected
>>> m.foo
'bar'
>>> # but this doesn't do what you'd expect
>>> m["foo"]
<MagicMock name='mock.__getitem__()' id='4396280016'>

>>> # this works as expected

>>> m.foo

'bar'

>>> # but this doesn't do what you'd expect

>>> m["foo"]

First of all attribute and item access are treated differently. You setup MagicMock using key word arguments (i.e. “dict syntax”), but have to use attributes (i.e. “object syntax”) to access them.

Then I thought to yourself “why not mess with the magic methods?” __getitem__ and __getattr__ expect the same arguments anyway. So this should work:

m = MagicMock(foo="bar")
m.__getitem__.side_effect = m.__getattr__

1 2	m = MagicMock(foo="bar") m.__getitem__.side_effect = m.__getattr__

Well? …

>>> m.foo
'bar'
>>> m["foo"]
<MagicMock name='mock.foo' id='4554363920'>

>>> m.foo

'bar'

>>> m["foo"]

… No!

By this time I thought “I can’t be the first to need this” and started searching in the docs and sure enough they provide an example for this case.

d = dict(foo="bar")

m = MagicMock()
m.__getitem__.side_effect = d.__getitem__

d = dict(foo="bar")

m = MagicMock()

m.__getitem__.side_effect = d.__getitem__

Does it work? …

>>> m["foo"]
'bar'
>>> m["bar"]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File ".../env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/mock.py", line 955, in __call__
    return _mock_self._mock_call(*args, **kwargs)
  File ".../env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/mock.py", line 1018, in _mock_call
    ret_val = effect(*args, **kwargs)
KeyError: 'bar'

>>> m["foo"]

'bar'

>>> m["bar"]

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

File ".../env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/mock.py", line 955, in __call__

return _mock_self._mock_call(*args, **kwargs)

File ".../env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/mock.py", line 1018, in _mock_call

ret_val = effect(*args, **kwargs)

KeyError: 'bar'

Well, yes and no. It works as long as you only access those items that you have defined to be in the dictionary. If you try to access any “unknown” item you get a KeyError .

After trying out different things the simplest answer to accomplish what I set out to do seems to be sub-classing defaultdict.

from collections import defaultdict

class MagicDict(defaultdict):
    def __missing__(self, key):
        result = self[key] = MagicDict()
        return result

from collections import defaultdict

class MagicDict(defaultdict):

def __missing__(self, key):

result = self[key] = MagicDict()

return result

And? …

>>> m["foo"]
'bar'
>>> m["bar"]
defaultdict(None, {})
>>> m.foo
Traceback (most recent call last):
&nbsp; File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'MagicDict' object has no attribute 'foo'

>>> m["foo"]

'bar'

>>> m["bar"]

defaultdict(None, {})

>>> m.foo

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

AttributeError: 'MagicDict' object has no attribute 'foo'

Indeed, it is. 😀

Well, not quite. There are still a few comfort features missing (e.g. a proper __repr__ ). The whole, improved and tested code can be found in this Gist:

incomplete_items = [
    item.quantity_ordered > item.quantity_delivered for item in order.items
]
if any(incomplete_items):
    do_something()

incomplete_items = [

item.quantity_ordered > item.quantity_delivered for item in order.items

]

if any(incomplete_items):

do_something()

This feels clean and obvious. It might not be very efficient though. :/

has_incomplete_items = sum(
    item.quantity_ordered > item.quantity_delivered for item in order.items
)
if has_incomplete_items:
    do_something()

has_incomplete_items = sum(

item.quantity_ordered > item.quantity_delivered for item in order.items

)

if has_incomplete_items:

do_something()

Doing it this way can be more efficient, since it can leverage generators and doesn’t need to go through the list again with any . But using sum over booleans feels hackish and non-obvious … 🙁

Tag: Python

Moving Passwords From Firefox (Lockwise) to KeePassXC

Scaffolding for fetching and parsing emails from IMAP with Python

Wrestling with the Python

Threads on async

Bottle Plugin Lifecycle

Poetic APIs

MagicDict

ADN: ‘Eid auf der PyConDE

ADN: Python Development Has Nothing To Do With Zoology

Summing Booleans For Fun And Profit